NIVEL B1 - GRAMÁTICA AVANZADA

Reported Speech: Estilo Indirecto

Reporta conversaciones con precisión profesional dominando cambios de tiempo y estructura

20 minutos18 ejerciciosB1 Intermediate

¿Qué es el Reported Speech?

El Reported Speech (estilo indirecto) te permite reportar lo que otros dijeronsin usar comillas. Es fundamental para resumir conversaciones, reportar reuniones y comunicar información de segunda mano con precisión profesional.

Transformación clave: Cambias tiempos verbales,pronombres y expresiones de tiempo para reflejar la nueva perspectiva temporal.

Say vs Tell: La Diferencia Fundamental

💬 SAY (Decir)

Say + (that) + statement

Estructura:

  • • He said (that) he was tired
  • • She said (that) the meeting was cancelled
  • • They said (that) they would call later
💡 Say: No mencionas directamente a quién le dijeron

🎯 TELL (Decir/Contar)

Tell + person + (that) + statement

Estructura:

  • • He told me (that) he was tired
  • • She told us (that) the meeting was cancelled
  • • They told him (that) they would call later
💡 Tell: SIEMPRE incluyes a quién le dijeron

❌ Error Común: "Say me"

INCORRECTO:

  • ❌ He said me the truth
  • ❌ She said us about the problem
  • ❌ They said him to come early

CORRECTO:

  • ✅ He told me the truth
  • ✅ She told us about the problem
  • ✅ They told him to come early

Cambios de Tiempos Verbales

⏰ Regla General: Un Paso Atrás en el Tiempo

Principio fundamental: Cuando el verbo de reporte (said/told) está en pasado, los tiempos verbales "retroceden" un paso en el tiempo.

Present Simple

→

Past Simple

"I work here"

He said he worked there

Present Continuous

→

Past Continuous

"I am working"

She said she was working

Past Simple

→

Past Perfect

"I finished it"

He said he had finished it

Present Perfect

→

Past Perfect

"I have seen it"

She said she had seen it

Will

→

Would

"I will call you"

He said he would call me

Can

→

Could

"I can help"

She said she could help

Must

→

Had to

"I must go"

He said he had to go

Cambios de Tiempo y Lugar

📅 Expresiones de Tiempo

"today"→"that day"
"tomorrow"→"the next day / the following day"
"yesterday"→"the day before / the previous day"
"now"→"then / at that time"
"this week/month"→"that week/month"
"next week"→"the following week"
"last week"→"the week before"
"ago"→"before / earlier"

📍 Expresiones de Lugar

"here"→"there"
"this (place)"→"that (place)"
"these"→"those"
"come"→"go"
"bring"→"take"
💡 Los cambios dependen del contexto. Si siguen siendo relevantes, pueden no cambiar.

🔄 Cambios de Pronombres

Los pronombres cambian según la perspectiva:

Direct: "I trust you and he trusts me"

Reported by Sarah to John: She said she trusted him and he trusted her

💡 Clave: Ponte en la posición de quien reporta y ajusta desde esa perspectiva

Preguntas en Reported Speech

❓WH- Questions (What, Where, When, Why, How)

Estructura: Subject + asked + (person) + WH-word + subject + verb

Direct: "Where do you work?"

Reported: She asked me where I worked

Direct: "What are you doing?"

Reported: He asked what I was doing

Direct: "How long have you been here?"

Reported: They asked how long I had been there

⚠️ Importante: NO uses "did" en reported questions. Orden normal: subject + verb

✅Yes/No Questions

Estructura: Subject + asked + (person) + if/whether + subject + verb

Direct: "Do you like your job?"

Reported: She asked if I liked my job

Direct: "Are you coming to the meeting?"

Reported: He asked whether I was coming to the meeting

Direct: "Have you finished the report?"

Reported: They asked if I had finished the report

IF

Más común en conversación

WHETHER

Más formal, especialmente por escrito

Órdenes y Peticiones

📢Commands (Órdenes)

Estructura: Subject + told + person + (not) to + infinitive

Direct: "Finish the report by Friday."

Reported: She told me to finish the report by Friday

Direct: "Don't be late for the meeting."

Reported: He told us not to be late for the meeting

Direct: "Please send me the files."

Reported: She asked me to send her the files

💡 Tell para órdenes, ask para peticiones educadas

💭Suggestions (Sugerencias)

Suggest + -ing

Direct: "Let's have lunch together"

Reported: He suggested having lunch together

Suggest + that + subject + should

Direct: "You should take a break"

Reported: She suggested that I should take a break

⚠️ Error común: NO "suggest to do" o "suggest me to do"

Ejercicios Interactivos

Direct: "I am working late tonight." → Reported: She said she _____ working late that night.

¿Cuál reporta correctamente "I have finished the project"?

Direct: "Where do you work?" → Reported: She asked me where I _____.

Corrige: "He told me that he will come tomorrow".

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre SAY y TELL?

Direct: "Can you help me?" → Reported: He asked if I _____ help him.

Reported Speech en Contexto Profesional

Resumir Reuniones:

• "The CEO said the company would expand to three new markets"

• "Marketing told us they had increased the budget by 20%"

• "The client asked if we could deliver by the end of the month"

• "HR announced they were hiring 15 new employees"

Reportar Instrucciones:

• "The manager told me to prepare a detailed analysis"

• "She asked us not to share the information yet"

• "The director suggested postponing the launch"

• "They advised us to focus on customer retention"

Comunicar Decisiones:

• "The board confirmed they had approved the proposal"

• "Finance reported that costs had been reduced by 15%"

• "Legal said the contract would be ready the following week"

• "Sales announced they had exceeded their quarterly targets"

En Emails y Reports:

• "As discussed in yesterday's meeting, John said he would handle the logistics"

• "The client mentioned they were considering additional services"

• "During the call, they asked whether we could provide references"

• "The vendor confirmed they had received our specifications"

🚫 Cuándo NO Cambiar los Tiempos

1. Reporting Verb en Present

He says he is busy

Present reporting verb = no changes

2. General Truths

He said water boils at 100°C

Scientific facts stay in present

3. Still True Situations

She said she lives in Madrid

If she still lives there

4. Recent Past (Same Day)

He said he is coming later

If reported on the same day

💡 Flexibilidad: En conversación informal, si la información sigue siendo relevante, puedes mantener los tiempos originales.

Errores Comunes en Reported Speech

❌ He said me that he was tired

✅ He told me that he was tired

Say + that (no person directly)

❌ She asked me what did I think

✅ She asked me what I thought

No "did" en reported questions

❌ He told to me to come early

✅ He told me to come early

Tell + person (no "to")

❌ She suggested me to take a break

✅ She suggested taking a break

Suggest + -ing (no "suggest someone to")

❌ He said that he will come tomorrow

✅ He said that he would come the next day

Will → would, tomorrow → the next day

📋 Referencia Rápida - Reported Speech

Say vs Tell

Say + (that)

Tell + person + (that)

Never "say me"

Tense Changes

Present → Past

Past → Past Perfect

Will → Would

Time Changes

Today → that day

Tomorrow → next day

Here → there

Questions

WH- + subject + verb

If/whether + sub + verb

No "did" in reported

Resumen: Reported Speech

El Reported Speech es esencial para comunicación profesional precisa. Te permite reportar conversaciones, resumir reuniones y transmitir información con la estructura y tiempos verbales correctos.

Elementos Clave

  • • Say vs Tell (correcta selección)
  • • Cambios de tiempos verbales
  • • Transformación de tiempo/lugar
  • • Estructura de preguntas reportadas

Uso Profesional

  • • Resumir reuniones importantes
  • • Reportar instrucciones recibidas
  • • Comunicar decisiones empresariales
  • • Redactar informes precisos
💡 Dominio profesional: El uso correcto del Reported Speech demuestraprecisión comunicativa y competencia lingüística avanzadaen contextos internacionales.